What type of approach is represented by the "quality circle" concept?

The "quality circle" concept is best represented by a bottom-up approach because it emphasizes grassroots involvement from employees at all levels in the organization. In this approach, small groups of workers come together to identify, analyze, and solve work-related problems, leading to improvements in quality and efficiency.

The engagement of frontline employees in these discussions fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility over their work processes. This collaboration allows teams to tap into the ideas and experiences of those who are directly involved in the production or service delivery, making it a practical and effective means of instigating change.

Furthermore, this approach contrasts with top-down strategies, where decisions are made by upper management with little to no input from lower levels of the workforce. Quality circles encourage communication and suggestions from the bottom of the hierarchy, promoting an inclusive organizational culture that values every employee's contribution.