Which integration strategy focuses on direct interaction among managers from different departments?

The integration strategy that emphasizes direct interaction among managers from different departments is direct contact. This approach fosters communication and collaboration through face-to-face meetings or informal discussions between managers, which can lead to quicker decision-making and a better understanding of each department's needs and challenges.

Direct contact is particularly effective in environments where swift collaboration is crucial for addressing cross-functional issues. It breaks down silos that can exist between departments, allowing for knowledge sharing and a more cohesive alignment towards common organizational goals. This personal engagement encourages a culture of teamwork and adaptive leadership, which enhances responsiveness and innovation.

In contrast, other options provided do not focus as intensely on direct interpersonal interactions among managers. Hierarchical referral typically involves escalating issues through a chain of command rather than engaging in direct communication, which may slow down decision-making. A matrix organization reflects a structure that allows for dual reporting relationships and can complicate direct interactions. Standardized procedures offer a set way of doing things that may limit flexibility and personal engagement among department managers.